Imeko ekhoyo yemiba yoshishino lwempompo yodaka oyaziyo

Imeko ekhoyo yemiba yoshishino lwempompo yodaka oyaziyo

Okwangoku, ishishini lempompo yempompo eludaka emva kweminyaka yokuyila kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuqaliswa kokugaya kunye nokufunxwa kwetekhnoloji yangaphandle, amashishini kunye namashishini ngaphakathi kweteknoloji entsha, uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo semveliso, ukhuphiswano oluphambili lwamashishini anamanqanaba amatsha afanelekile ukuphucula kunye nokuphucula. .Ishishini layo likwimeko yobugcisa :

( A ) izixhobo zokuvelisa .Ushishino lwempompo yodaka lwenze inkqubo epheleleyo yokuxhasa uphuhliso lokwenziwa kwemveliso elizweni kwizigidi ezingama-50 zeekilowathi zomthamo omtsha wemveliso, i-80% yeeyunithi zeeyunithi zasekhaya ngonyaka.300,000 , 60 amawaka eempompo ze-slurry zamandla angaphantsi kwe-thermal ziye zasekhaya ngokupheleleyo.I-600,000 yeekilowatts ezingaphezulu kakhulu kunye ne-ultra-supercritical enye yesigidi seekilowatts amandla ashushu emveliso yempompo eludaka ifunyenwe ngaphakathi .Imizi-mveliso yempompo yodaka kunye namashishini ngokusebenzisana nabavelisi bamazwe angaphandle ukwazisa itekhnoloji kwaye baphuhlise indibaniselwano yokuqonda okubanzi kwesixhobo sokuvelisa amandla eemveliso zesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe.Sithetha nje, iiyunithi zamandla ashushu aphezulu kakhulu ezixhasa ibhoyila iimpompo eziludaka zifakwe kwimveliso kunye nokusebenza kweebhetshi.Ama 600,000 eekhilowathi eeyunithi zokuvelisa amandla enyukliya kwimpompo eludaka exhasa imveliso yasekhaya esekelwe kwisigidi seekhilowathi zeyunithi yeempompo zodaka nazo ziyinxalenye yemveliso ukuphumeza ukwenziwa kwasekhaya .Isixhobo sombane senyukliya saseLing Ao esisisigidi seekilowatts ezimbini zokuqala, ixabiso lodaka olubomvu ecaleni kweyunithi yeplanti yamandla enyukliya enempompo eludaka yokutshiza, impompo etshajayo eludaka kunye nezinye iimpompo ezinodaka ezimbini zenkxaso yendawo yenyukliya.

(B) izixhobo zentsimbi .Okwangoku ukuveliswa kwempompo yodaka kuye kwakwazi ukuvelisa iitoni ezingama-800 zentsimbi kunye namashishini entsimbi izixhobo zenkqubo yesiqhelo, intsimbi enzima izixhobo zobunjineli ezintathu, ipleyiti kunye neshidi lokusila kunye nezinye izixhobo, i-4,000 m3 blast furnace, iCDQ epheleleyo iseti yezixhobo, ukuqhushumba izixhobo zokubuyisela igesi yomlilo. kunye nezinye izixhobo zokubonelela ngoluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso zempompo ezinodaka.

(C) izixhobo zepetrochemical .amashishini okwenziwa kwempompo yodaka kwi-7000 m zokuqhuba ioyile yokuqhuba umbane, i-kerosene enkulu yezigidi zeetoni zonyaka zesixhobo sezixhobo zonyaka, 40,000 cubic metres zomgangatho wesixhobo sokwahlula umoya, iitoni ezingama-300,000 zeammonia yokwenziwa kunye neetoni ezingama-520,000 zomgangatho we-urea iiseti zezixhobo ze-ancilla 60 iprojekthi yokuhlaziya i-ethylene efunekayo ye-70-toni.

( D ) ukwazi ukwakha i-supertanker ye-300,000 yeetoni zelizwe , iitanki ezinkulu zokugcina i-oyile engaselunxwemeni , iinqanawa zeenqanawa kunye neemeko ze-8,000 zabathwali abakhulu be- LNG kunye nolunye ushishino lokwakhiwa kweenqanawa ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezixhasayo ezifanelekileyo .

(E) izixhobo zokusingqongileyo.amashishini impompo eludaka ngophando oluzimeleyo kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuqaliswa, iye yakwazi ukunyanga izixhobo zogutyulo ezidolophini, amanzi asetyenzisiweyo kwakhona ( amanzi ) izixhobo zokusebenzisa kwakhona, igesi flue desulfurization kunye nezixhobo denitrification, izixhobo zokulahla inkunkuma ezidolophini, inkunkuma eyingozi ( kubandakanywa nenkunkuma yonyango ) izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nezinye iimveliso ezincedisayo zibonelela ngempompo efanelekileyo ye-slurry.

Ngelixa ishishini lempompo ye-slurry limashishini kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwelizwe ukufikelela kwinqanaba elikhulu lobuchwepheshe , kodwa imeko yangoku yoshishino , kukho iingxaki ezininzi eziza kusonjululwa .

Okokuqala, ukungabikho kwexesha elide le-R & D utyalo-mali , ukuqokelela iteknoloji kufuneka kuqiniswe.Utyalo-mali olunganelanga kwinkxaso-mali ye-R & D ibe ngumba ophambili othintela ushishino lwempompo yodaka oluzimeleyo uphando oluzimeleyo.Xa kuthelekiswa neenkampani zangaphandle ezaziwayo, iinkampani zotyalo-mali zeR & D kwishishini ngokubanzi zibonakala zincinci, zithintela kakhulu uphando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye neemveliso ezintsha.Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga , ishishini lompompo lodaka lonyaka sonke siphanda ngeendleko zophuhliso , hayi njengamashishini amakhulu angaphandle kunye nenkxaso-mali yophando engaphezulu .

Okwesibini, amandla oyilo azimeleyo abuthathaka, isixhobo esiphambili kunye netekhnoloji elawulwa ngabanye nangoku.Uninzi lweemveliso esizenzayo kushishino lwempompo oluludaka luye lwaphunyezwa ngokusisiseko, kodwa ezinye izixhobo ezinkulu zobugcisa ngenxa yokungabikho kwamalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, iteknoloji engundoqo isalawulwa zizandla zangaphandle.Amashishini okwenziwa kwempompo yodaka lwasekhaya athwalwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo okwenziwa kwemveliso enesiphelo esisezantsi, azimeleyo kububanzi nobunzulu kusafuneka kuphuculwe.Umzekelo , ngoku sele eqalisile ukuvelisa amaziko ombane enyukliya elizweni kunye nesigidi seekilowatts zeplanti yombane iimpompo eziludaka supercritical , ultra- supercritical slurry pump , uyilo lwayo kunye nethekhnoloji engundoqo engundoqo isathintelwe kwaye abantu .

Okwesithathu, uphuhliso olusisiseko lwetekhnoloji lusemva, isiseko sokuxhasa amacandelo likhonkco elibuthathaka.Kangangexesha elide, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwexabiso elisekelwe kwithekhnoloji yodaka ingqalelo yophando oluyifaneleyo, ngokwesiseko soomatshini bokwenza izixhobo zaseTshayina, amacandelo asisiseko asemva kophuhliso, iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo ethintela uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu.Iimpawu zoomatshini, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zokuhamba kunye nezinye iimveliso zoomatshini, ubukhulu becala obuphakathi kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokusebenza kwemveliso awuphezulu.

Okwesine, isixhobo esibalulekileyo sobugcisa sisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, ukuqaliswa kweteknoloji yokugaya ukugaywa kokudelela innovation, ukuqaliswa kwekopi eyimfama enzulu.Ngokuziswa kobugcisa bemveliso obuphambili bangaphandle ukucutha umsantsa kunye nenqanaba eliphambili lehlabathi, isengumjelo ophambili wophuculo lophuhliso lwempompo yokwenziwa kwempompo yodaka.Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, sisenza impompo yodaka, ngelixa sibonelela ngezixhobo eziphambili kunye neemveliso ezifunekayo kuphuhliso loqoqosho, kodwa isaxhomekeke ikakhulu kwithekhnoloji evela kumazwe angaphandle, ukuziphuhlisa koshishino kunye nokukwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha kubuthathaka.Ukususela ekuqalisweni kwexesha elide elinzima, ukufunxa ukukhanya kunye nokutsha, ukuphishekela icala elinye lobuchwepheshe obuphambili, ukusebenza kunye nobukhulu, okuhlala kukhokelela kuhlobo olufanayo, umlinganiselo ofanayo weprojekthi waziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uninzi lwalo, kwilizwe ngokubanzi. , ixabiso elikhulu , ngamanye amazwe ajonga into emva .

Okwesihlanu, uyilo ngokubanzi, amandla okujika abuthathaka, ukungabikho kweshishini lekhontrakthi ngokubanzi kunye noyilo lwenkqubo, amandla okudibanisa inkqubo kunye nemisebenzi yenkonzo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-slurry pump yase-China yenza iiseti ezipheleleyo zeeprojekthi ezinkulu , uyilo ngokubanzi, amandla obuchwepheshe bokudibanisa inkqubo anamandla, kunzima ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngezisombululo ezibanzi kunye ne "turnkey";kwelinye icala, uphuhliso lokwenziwa kwempompo eludaka yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yobunjineli ifuna iiyunithi zophando, iiyunithi zoyilo, abavelisi kunye namacandelo ezicelo ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nemveliso enkulu.Imeko yangoku kukuba thina slurry imboni yempompo : ukukwazi ukuba nenkampani ikhontrakthi jikelele ayikabunjwa , amaziko ophando, ii-arhente zoyilo, iinkampani zokuvelisa ngokuzimeleyo.Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwezixhobo ezithile, kukhuphiswano olushushu lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nolwasekhaya ngokuthe ngcembe lwatyumza, loyiswa, lwaba ngababoneleli becandelo lezizwe ngezizwe.

Okwesithandathu, ukungabikho kwesicelo sokuthengwa kwenyathelo lecandelo lempompo ye-slurry yasekhaya, libotshelelwe kwimixokelelwane yabavelisi bempompo enodaka ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezinamalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda kunye nomdla wamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza.Emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane yophuhliso, umgangatho weshishini wokwenza impompo eludaka lwaseTshayina xa kuthelekiswa namazwe angaphandle.??inkqubela enkulu, ezinye itekhnoloji kunye nemvelisoIimveliso ezinokuthi zihambelane neemveliso ezifanayo zangaphandle, zidibene nenzuzo eyomeleleyo yexabiso, iimveliso zempompo eziludaka zasekhaya zifanelwe isabelo esikhulu semarike.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamanye amacandelo okusukelana nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunye nezixhobo, ayijongi iindleko, okukhokelela kwiimveliso zempompo eziludaka lwasekhaya kwithenda yokuthengwa kwempahla yasekhaya yoyiswa iimveliso zangaphandle ezingaqhelekanga, ngakumbi innovation ezimeleyo, uphando kunye uphuhliso lwezokuqala (iseti) izixhobo ezingundoqo zobuchwephesha zeemveliso zempompo eludaka ukuthengisa i-ado eninzi.Nkqu iimpompo zodaka oluludaka ezininzi zasekhaya sele zinomgangatho wobugcisa obonakalayo, kodwa besebenzisa isebe benqabile ukusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzithethelela, oko kwenza imveliso yokugqibela kunzima ukuya ngaphaya kweseti yolwahlulo lokwenziwa lwempompo eludaka.